Union Membership
The erosion of collective bargaining coverage leads to greater wage, and therefore, income inequality. Throughout the economy, workers covered by collective bargaining have higher wages and fringe benefits than their peers. Since this wage and benefit advantage is greater for those groups who traditionally have had the weakest power in the labor market, wage inequalities are reduced. Collective bargaining has also, in the past, set higher labor standards in occupations and industries where coverage by agreements was high, thereby lifting wages and benefits for those not directly covered. Eroded collective bargaining coverage has affected the living standards of all workers, but has hit blue-collar men particularly hard.
Union Membership
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Share of workers with paid leave, by wage group, 2011
Table 4.12 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Union coverage rate in the United States, 1973–2011
Figure 4AC in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Union premiums for health, retirement, and paid leave benefits
Table 4.34 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Union impact on paid leave, pension, and health benefits
Table 4.35 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Effect of union decline on male wage differentials, 1978–2011
Table 4.36 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Impact of deunionization on wage inequality, 1973–2007
Table 4.38 in State of Working America 12th Edition
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Industry, occupation, and union status of poverty-level-wage workers vs. non-poverty-level-wage workers, 2011
Figure 7K in State of Working America 12th Edition